Linux Process Management and Permissions

Linux Process Management and Permissions

ls List files and directories.
-l: Long format listing.
-a: Include hidden files hidden ones
-h: Human-readable file sizes.
ls -l
displays files and directories with detailed information.
ls -a
shows all files and directories, including
ls -lh
displays file sizes in a human-readable format.
cd Change directory.
cd /path/to/directory
changes the current directory to the specified path.
pwd Print current working directory.
pwd
displays the current working directory.
mkdir Create a new directory.
mkdir my_directory
creates a new directory named "my_directory".
rm Remove files and directories.
-r: Remove directories recursively.
-f: Force removal without confirmation.
rm file.txt
deletes the file named "file.txt".
rm -r my_directory
deletes the directory "my_directory" and its contents.
rm -f file.txt
forcefully deletes the file "file.txt" without confirmation.
cp Copy files and directories.
-r: Copy directories recursively.
cp -r directory destination
copies the directory "directory" and its contents to the specified destination.
cp file.txt destination
copies the file "file.txt" to the specified destination.
mv Move/rename files and directories.
mv file.txt new_name.txt
renames the file "file.txt" to "new_name.txt".
mv file.txt directory
moves the file "file.txt" to the specified directory.
touch Create an empty file or update file timestamps.
touch file.txt
creates an empty file named "file.txt".
cat View the contents of a file.
cat file.txt
displays the contents of the file "file.txt".
head Display the first few lines of a file.
-n: Specify the number of lines to display.
head file.txt
shows the first 10 lines of the file "file.txt".
head -n 5 file.txt
displays the first 5 lines of the file "file.txt".
tail Display the last few lines of a file.
-n: Specify the number of lines to display.
tail file.txt
shows the last 10 lines of the file "file.txt".
tail -n 5 file.txt
displays the last 5 lines of the file "file.txt".
ln Create links between files.
-s: Create symbolic (soft) links.
ln -s source_file link_name
creates a symbolic link named "link_name" pointing to "source_file".
find Search for files and directories.
-name: Search by filename.
-type: Search by file type.
find /path/to/search -name "*.txt"
searches for all files with the extension ".txt" in the specified directory.Command

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