Julius Caesar: Crossing of the Rubicon (49 BC)

A pivotal moment occurred when Julius Caesar, one of the most successful generals of the Roman Republic, crossed the Rubicon River with his army against the Senate's orders. This critical moment marked the beginning of the Roman Civil War, ultimately leading to the end of the Roman Republic and the establishment of the Roman Empire. The phrase “Alea iacta est” (The die was cast) has become synonymous with this event. It is a striking example of how personal ambition and military power can destroy the institutions of a republic.

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