50. SHUNT CAPACITOR FILTER | FULL WAVE RECTIFIER | BASIC ELECTONICS | SECRETS OF PHYSICS RABIA BABER

Shunt Capacitor in Full Wave Rectifier
Definition
A shunt capacitor in a full wave rectifier is a capacitor connected in parallel (shunt) with the load resistance at the output of the rectifier. It is used to reduce ripple voltage and obtain a smoother DC output.
Circuit Arrangement
• The capacitor is connected across the load resistance.
• It is placed after the full wave rectifier (center-tapped or bridge type).
Working Principle
1. During the conducting half-cycle, the diode conducts and the capacitor charges quickly up to the peak value of the rectified voltage.
2. When the rectified voltage starts decreasing, the diode becomes reverse biased.
3. The capacitor discharges slowly through the load resistance, maintaining the output voltage.
4. In the next half-cycle, the capacitor recharges to the peak value.
5. This continuous charging and discharging fills the gaps in the rectified waveform, reducing ripple.
Ripple Reduction
• The ripple frequency in a full wave rectifier is twice the supply frequency.
• A larger capacitor value results in less ripple.
• Ripple voltage decreases as load resistance increases.
Advantages
• Simple and low-cost filter
• High DC output voltage
• Effective ripple reduction for light loads
Disadvantages
• Poor voltage regulation
• Not suitable for heavy load currents
• High peak diode current
Applications
• Low-current DC power supplies
• Battery chargers
• Electronic circuits requiring smooth DC
Conclusion
The shunt capacitor filter is a simple and effective method for smoothing the output of a full wave rectifier, especially in low-power applications.
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