How to Refract Tutorial: Jackson Cross Cylinder Technique

Subjective Refraction Tutorial Jackson Cross Cylinder Technique. Plus cylinder refraction with phoropter. Dr. David Guyton. Source: American Academy of Ophthalmology. Table of Contents:
00:25 Title/Intro
00:54 History
02:28 Subjective Refraction
02:55 Basics of Astigmatism and Cross Cylinder Testing
08:36 Sphere Refraction
13:51 Cross Cylinder Testing
22:28 Uninterrupted Refraction Example
24:41 Duochrome Testing
25:41 Binocular Balancing
27:50 Vertex Distance
29:17 Cycloplegic refraction
30:36 Determination of Reading Add
31:53 Documenting and Prescribing a Refraction
32:44 Conclusion

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