HEAMATINICS (IRON)/ (PART-1)

Haematinics are basically elements or drugs that used to synthesise the blood whenever required like in anaemia.
There are so many causes in which the haematinics are required like blood loss, impaired blood cell, formation or increased destruction of RBC.

Iron

Daily requirement
Adult male-0.5-1mg.
Adult female-1-2mg
Pregnancy-3-5mg

Distribution of iron in body in percentage
Hemoglobin-66
Iron stores as ferritin and haemosiderin-25
Enzymes-6
Myoglobin-3

Iron absorption-
Dietary iron can be in organic form or in-organic form .
Absorption of iron occurs from all over the intestine especially the major part of iron is absorbed from upper part of the small intestine. organic form of iron we obtained by consuming plant product and animal product while the inorganic form of iron we obtained from the soil and water.
Iron present in inorganic form will be in ferric state while in organic form iron is present in ferrous state. Before absorbing in the the lumen ferric form must have to convert into the ferrous state so inorganic form of iron has to convert into ferrous state in the the luminal site of the epithelial cell.
At the lumen there will be a divalent metal transporter 1 which transport the ferrous form of iron from the lumen to the mucous cell and once the ferrous form of iron is reaches inside the mucous cell. Enzyme converted into ferric form and eventually also stores as a ferritin which has a lifespan of two to four days.
Only ferrous form present in the mucous cell with the help of a ferro protein transported across the basolateral site and reaches in the blood vessels where enzymatically it is converted into again ferric state and along with transferrin on the reticuloendothelial cell and receptor mediated endocytosis occur at acidic pH iron released and utilised for hemoglobin synthesis and other purposes while transferrin receptor and transferrin returned to cell surface to carry fresh load

On storage cells

Through transferrin receptors Iron stored in reticuloendothelial cells of liver or spleen or bone marrow as well as hepatocytes and myocytes as ferritin and hemosiderin. Removal of iron is basically occurs due to exfoliate gastro-intestinal mucosal cell, through bile and little amount in urine and sweat.

Factors facilitating iron absorption
Acidity
Reducing substances
Meet

Preparation and doses
Oral
Ferrous sulphate
Ferrous gluconate
Ferrous fumarate
Colloidal ferric hydroxide
Ferrous succinate

Parenteral
Iron dextran
Iron sorbitol citric acid
Ferrous sucrose
Ferrous carboxymaltose

Side effects
Epigastric pain, bloating metallic taste, heartburn, staining of teeth, constipation.

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