Scientists Found Female Astronauts Need Less Oxygen, Food, and Water

In 2023, researchers working with the European Space Agency published a study suggesting that an all-female crew could be more resource-efficient for long-duration missions like Mars. Their calculations showed that, on average, female astronauts would require about 29% less oxygen, 26% fewer calories, and 18% less water than male astronauts during a 1,080-day mission. A four-woman crew was estimated to save around 1,695 kilograms of food mass, which could significantly reduce mission costs and spacecraft weight. The main reason isn’t gender alone—it’s average body size, metabolism, and lower oxygen demands. Scientists also stress that astronaut selection depends on many other factors like skills, health, psychology, and mission needs—not just resource efficiency.

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