Lipids (Part 3 of 11) - Free Fatty Acids - Nomenclature and Convention

Moof's Medical Biochemistry Video Course: http://moof-university.thinkific.com/courses/medical-biochemistry-for-usmle-step-1-exam

Questions Answered in This Video:

- How are fatty acids named?
- What are the typical conventions when naming fatty acids?
- What are the common names and systematic names of some important fatty acids?
- What are the α, β, and ω carbons, and how are they significant?
- What is an omega-3 fatty acid?

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Video Content Summary:

Fatty acids have common names and systematic names. The common names are named as such because they're commonly used, as they are shorter and simpler to say or refer to. However, they are not as useful as systematic names, when it comes to attempting to associate a name with a molecular structure. A familiarity with systematic naming of fatty acids can help one understand what's going on with the structure of each fatty acid.

X:Y is a convention commonly used when discussing fatty acids. X represents the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain, while Y represents the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. Saturated fatty acids, given that they do not have any carbon-carbon double bonds, have a Y that is always equal to 0. For unsaturated fatty acids, Y will be greater than or equal to 1.

The carbon immediately adjacent to the carbonyl (or carboxyl) carbon is called the α carbon, the carbon next to the α carbon is the β carbon, and this is important to be aware when discussing fatty acid oxidation, also known as β-oxidation. The terminal carbon of the hydrocarbon chain in a fatty acid is known as the ω carbon, as ω is the last letter in the Greek alphabet. This is important because some fatty acids are known as ω-3 (or other numbers in place of 3) fatty acids, indicating that, between the ω-3 and ω-4 carbons, there is a double bond. ω-3 (or omega-3) fatty acids play a role in helping reduce the risk of heart disease.

Fatty acids discussed in detail in this video are:

- Strearic acid / Stearate ALSO KNOWN AS n-Octadecanoic Acid / n-Octadecanoate
- Oleic acid / Oleate ALSO KNOWN AS cis-∆9-Octadecenoic Acid / cis-∆9-Octadecenoate
- Linoleic acid / Linoleate ALSO KNOWN AS cis, cis-∆9, ∆12-Octadecadienoic Acid / cis, cis-∆9, ∆12-Octadecadienoate

Also mentioned are:

- Palmitate
- Palmitoleate
- Linolenate
- Arachidate
- Arachidonate

Видео Lipids (Part 3 of 11) - Free Fatty Acids - Nomenclature and Convention канала Moof University