Hardwood vs. Softwood | Difference Between Hardwood and Softwood

There are differences between the physical structures of hardwoods and softwoods. This is usually visible at both microscopic level and at the surface — hardwoods tend to have broad leaves, while softwoods tend to have needles and cones. Hardwoods have vessel elements that transport water throughout the wood; under a microscope, these elements appear as pores. In softwoods, medullary rays and tracheids transport water and produce sap. When viewed under a microscope, softwoods have no visible pores because tracheids do not have pores.

The pores in hardwoods are a lot of what gives hardwood its prominent grain, which is quite different from softwood's light grain.

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