abm active buffer management in datacenters

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## ABM: Active Buffer Management in Datacenters - A Deep Dive

Active Buffer Management (ABM) is a crucial technique in modern datacenters for optimizing network performance and ensuring fairness in shared network resources. Traditional passive queue management schemes like DropTail or RED often fall short in handling the complex and dynamic traffic patterns of datacenters, leading to issues like bufferbloat, unfairness, and low link utilization. ABM aims to address these shortcomings by actively managing the queue state and providing feedback to sources to adapt their sending rates.

This tutorial will explore ABM in detail, covering:

1. **The Problem: Limitations of Passive Queue Management**
2. **What is Active Buffer Management?**
3. **Key Principles of ABM**
4. **Common ABM Algorithms:**
* Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)
* Data Center TCP (DCTCP)
* Hop-by-Hop Congestion Control (H2O)
* Timely
5. **Code Example: Implementing DCTCP (Simplified)**
6. **Challenges and Considerations**
7. **Future Directions and Research**

**1. The Problem: Limitations of Passive Queue Management**

* **Bufferbloat:** Traditional routers with large buffers can lead to high latency. Even when the network is congested, packets remain buffered, causing applications to experience significant delays, especially for interactive applications like web browsing or video conferencing.
* **Unfairness:** Some flows might dominate the network resources, starving other flows. Simple FIFO queues do not provide any mechanism for ensuring fairness among different flows or different TCP connections.
* **Low Link Utilization:** Conservative TCP congestion control algorithms may underestimate the available bandwidth, leading to underutilization of the link capacity.
* **Incidental Dropping:** DropTail, a common passive queue management scheme, simply drops packets when the queue is full. This can lead to TCP retransmissions and further congestion, even if the ...

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