The Basilica of Santa Maria | Trastevere | Rome | Italy | Things to Do In Rome | Trastevere Rome

The Basilica of Santa Maria | Trastevere | Rome | Italy | Things to Do In Rome | Trastevere Rome

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The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere

The Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere is a titular minor basilica in the Trastevere district of Rome, and one of the oldest churches of Rome. The basilica's basic floor plan and wall structures date back to the 340s. The first sanctuary was built in 221 and 227 by Pope Callixtus I and later completed by Pope Julius I.

The inscription on the episcopal throne states that this is the first church in Rome dedicated to Mary, mother of Jesus. A Christian house-church was founded here about 220 by Pope Saint Callixtus I (217–222) on the site of the Taberna meritoria, a refuge for retired soldiers. The area was made available for Christian use by Emperor Alexander Severus.

The present nave preserves its original (pre-12th century) basilica plan and stands on the earlier foundations. The Corinthian and Ionic granite columns separate the nave from the aisles. Inside the church there is a unique icon of the enthroned Virgin and Child "The Madonna Della Clemenza", a panel painting in encaustic, dated between the 6th and 9th century CE, probably of Byzantine origins. The Madonna Della Clemenza is one of the five oldest existing Marian Icons from the medieval period. Its proximity to the rise of Christianity is one of the reasons it was believed to be a divine image.

There are multiple 12th and late 13th-century mosaics in the basilica, such as the
Mosaic of the Annunciation or Life of the Virgin by Pietro Cavallini (1291)
The elaborate golden coffer ceiling setting features the octagonal painting Assumption of the Virgin (1617) by Domenichino, who also designed the ceiling.
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