Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) Explained 🔄 | Adaptive CPU Scheduling | OS Visualization

Multilevel Feedback Queue (MLFQ) is an advanced CPU scheduling algorithm that dynamically adjusts process priority.

Unlike Multilevel Queue:
✔ Processes can move between queues
✔ Priority changes based on behavior
✔ Designed to reduce starvation
✔ Favors short & interactive jobs

🧠 Core Idea

If a process:
• Uses full time slice → move to lower priority
• Finishes quickly → stays in high priority
• Waits too long → may get promoted

It “learns” process behavior.

⚙️ General Working

1️⃣ Start in highest priority queue
2️⃣ Execute with small time quantum
3️⃣ If not finished → demote
4️⃣ Lower queues have larger quantum
5️⃣ Continue until completion

📊 Characteristics

• Type: Preemptive
• Dynamic Priority: Yes
• Starvation: Reduced (via aging)
• Fairness: High
• Complexity: Higher than RR / Priority

🆚 Difference from Multilevel Queue

Multilevel Queue → Fixed priority (no movement)
MLFQ → Dynamic movement between queues

That’s why MLFQ is more adaptive and smarter.

Built by ⚡ Lightning Labs

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