Anatomy and physiology of Ear..,👂

Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear

The ear is an important sensory organ that helps us in hearing and maintaining balance. It captures sound waves and transmits them to the brain for interpretation.

1. Anatomy of the Ear (Structure)

The ear is divided into three main parts:

A. External Ear

Pinna (Auricle): The outer visible part of the ear that collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal.

Auditory Canal: A tube-like passage that carries sound toward the eardrum.

Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum): A thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves.
B. Middle Ear

Contains three small bones (Ossicles):

1. Malleus (Hammer)
2. Incus (Anvil)
3. Stapes (Stirrup)
These bones amplify vibrations and transmit them to the inner ear.
C. Inner Ear

Cochlea: A snail-shaped structure filled with tiny hair cells that convert sound into electrical signals.

Vestibule & Semicircular Canals: These structures help in maintaining body balance.

Auditory Nerve: Carries sound signals from the cochlea to the brain for interpretation.

Physiology of the Ear – Flowchart-

1. Sound Waves Enter → Collected by Pinna → Directed into Auditory Canal
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2. Sound Waves Hit Eardrum → Eardrum Vibrates
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3. Vibrations Transmitted to Ossicles (Malleus → Incus → Stapes) → Amplification of Sound
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4. Vibrations Passed to Cochlea (Inner Ear) → Fluid Movement in Cochlea
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5. Hair Cells in Cochlea Detect Vibrations → Convert into Electrical Signals
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6. Electrical Signals Transmitted via Auditory Nerve
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7. Brain (Auditory Cortex) Processes Signals → Recognizes Sound
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8. Semicircular Canals & Vestibule Detect Body Movement → Help Maintain Balance

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