🇳🇪🇳🇪 72 republic Day of India ...we are celebrating 72 th Republic Day of India🇳🇪🇳🇪

The Constitution of India (IAST: Bhāratīya Saṃvidhāna) is the supreme law of India.[3][4] The document lays down the framework demarcating fundamental political code, structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth.[a][5][6][7] Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, chairman of the drafting committee, is widely considered to be its chief architect.[8][9]

Constitution of India

Original text of the preamble

Jurisdiction IndiaRatified26 November 1949; 71 years agoDate effective26 January 1950; 70 years agoSystemFederal Parliamentary Constitutional RepublicBranchesThree (Executive, Legislature and Judiciary)ChambersTwo (Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha)ExecutivePrime minister-led cabinet responsible to the lower house of the parliamentJudiciarySupreme court, high courts and district courtsFederalismFederal[1]Electoral collegeYes, for presidential and vice-presidential electionsEntrenchments2Amendments104Last amended25 January 2020 (104th)CitationConstitution of India (PDF), 9 September 2020, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2020LocationParliament House, New Delhi, IndiaAuthor(s)B. R. Ambedkar
Chairman of the Drafting Committee

Benegal Narsing Rau
Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly

Surendra Nath Mukherjee
Chief Draftsman of the Constituent Assembly[2]

and other members of Constituent AssemblySignatories284 members of the Constituent AssemblySupersedesGovernment of India Act 1935
Indian Independence Act 1947

It imparts constitutional supremacy (not parliamentary supremacy, since it was created by a constituent assembly rather than Parliament) and was adopted by its people with a declaration in its preamble.[10] Parliament cannot override the constitution.



Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Constitution of India on a 2015 postage stamp of India

It was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 and became effective on 26 January 1950.[11] The constitution replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country's fundamental governing document, and the Dominion of India became the Republic of India. To ensure constitutional autochthony, its framers repealed prior acts of the British parliament in Article 395.[12] India celebrates its constitution on 26 January as Republic Day.[13]

The constitution declares India a sovereign, socialist, secular,[14] democratic republic, assuring its citizens justice, equality and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity.[15] The original 1950 constitution is preserved in a helium-filled case at the Parliament House in New Delhi. The words "secular" and "socialist" were added to the preamble in 1976 during the Emergency.[16]

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