Code on Wages, 2019 | Offences, Penalties | Chap VIII | Session 19 - Section 52 - 54 #readytoupskill

In this session, we’ll understand Sections 52 to 54 of the Code on Wages, 2019, which explain how legal action, enquiries, and penalties are handled under the law.

🔹 Section 52 – Cognizance of Offences
Only authorised persons — such as the government, an authorised officer, a registered trade union, an employee, or an inspector-cum-facilitator — can file a complaint under this Code.
Cases can only be tried by a Metropolitan Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate First Class, ensuring that wage disputes are handled fairly by competent authorities.

🔹 Section 53 – Enquiry and Penalty Imposition
The appropriate government may appoint senior officers (not below the rank of Under Secretary) to conduct enquiries into wage violations.
These officers have powers to summon witnesses, collect evidence, and impose penalties for offences like underpayment of wages or non-compliance with the Code.

🔹 Section 54 – Penalties for Employers
Employers who pay less than the due wages can be fined up to ₹50,000.
Repeat offenders may face imprisonment or higher fines.
For other violations like non-maintenance of records, fines may extend to ₹10,000–₹20,000.
Before prosecution, employers are given a chance to rectify minor issues, promoting compliance over punishment.

These sections reinforce accountability, transparency, and fair labour practices under India’s wage laws.

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