How to calculate the hoop stress in cylindrical pressure vessels?

How do we calculate hoop (tangential) stress in a pressure vessel? 🤔

When internal pressure acts, it tries to split the cylinder along its length.
To resist this, the material develops hoop stress around the circumference.

📌 Formula:
σₜ = pD / 2t

Where:
p → internal pressure
D → diameter
t → thickness

This stress is twice the longitudinal stress, making it the critical design factor in thin-walled pressure vessels.

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