Mathews v. Diaz Case Brief Summary | Law Case Explained

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Mathews v. Diaz | 426 U.S. 67 (1976)

Between 1961 and 1972, over four hundred forty thousand Cubans entered the United States under the Cuban Refugee Program instituted in the wake of Fidel Castro’s revolution. Mathews versus Diaz concerns some of these new arrivals and their attempt to sign up for Medicare.

Santiago Diaz was a Cuban refugee lawfully admitted to the United States. He was over the age of 65, so he applied for Medicare. The Medicare statute denied eligibility to aliens unless they’d been admitted for permanent residence and had lived in the United States for at least five years. Diaz didn’t meet these requirements and was denied enrollment.

Diaz and other Cuban refugees and permanent residents sued the U.S. secretary of health, education, and welfare in a class-action lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the federal law that created the Medicare program.

The district court held that the five-year residence requirement violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. It reasoned that the alien-eligibility provisions created the danger of unjustifiable discrimination against aliens, who were unrepresented in the political process. It concluded that the provision was neither rationally based nor free from invidious discrimination. Because it found the statute unconstitutional, the court ordered the secretary to start enrolling members of Diaz’s class.

The secretary, who at this time was David Mathews, appealed directly to the United States Supreme Court.

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