Application of Theories in Community Health Nursing - Betty Newman's System Model.

Betty Neuman’s Nursing Theory
I. Introduction
• Theory is an idea or set of concepts that is intended to explain facts or events.
• Nursing theories are organized body of knowledge used to describe, develop, discriminate and use present knowledge in nursing.
• There are many nursing theories that is applicable in Community health nursing.
II. Theories and Models for Community Health Nursing.
1. Nightingale’s Theory of Environment. ( Florence N )
2. Orem’s Self Care Model (Dorothea Orem)
3. Neuman’s Health Care System Model (Betty Neuman)
4. Roy’s Adaptation Model (Sr. Callista Roy)
5. Roger’s Model of the Science and Unitary man (Martha Roger)
6. Pender’s Health Promotion Model (Nola Pender)
7. Milio’s Framework of Prevention (Nancy Milio)
8. Salmon White’s Construct for Public Health Nursing
9. Block and Josten’s Ethical Theory of Population Focused Nursing. (Derryl Block and Lavohn Josten)
10. Health Belief Model (HBM)
11. Canadian Model
12. Others
- Epidemiological Models etc.
III. Betty Neuman’s Health Care System Model.
General information
• A nursing theory developed by Betty Neuman is based on the person’s relationship to stress, response, and reconstitution factors that are progressive in nature.
• It focuses on the patient system’s response to actual or potential environmental stressors and maintains the client system’s stability through primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing prevention interventions to reduce stressors.
Major Concepts
1) Human Being - Client System
2) Stressors
3) Prevention and
4) Reconstitution
5) Human Being - Client System

1). Client System
• Human being is a total person as a ‘Client system’ and the person
is a layered multidimensional being.
It includes:
a. Basic Structure (BS) / Central Core (CC)
b. Line of Resistance (LR / LOR)
c. Normal Line of Defense (NLD / NLOD)
d. Flexible Line of Defense ( FLD / FLOD)

2. Stressors
• Stressor are any environmental factor / force that might penetrate the Flexible line of defense and potentially affect the Normal LOD and alter the system’s stability, resulting either a positive or negative outcome.
It includes
• Intrapersonal stressors are those that occur within the client system
• Interpersonal stressors occur outside the client system
• Extrapersonal stressors
Occur outside the individual Eg: job or financial pressure, Unfamiliar environment, change of routine etc.
3. Prevention
• As per the Newman’s model prevention is the primary nursing intervention.
• It includes: Primary, secondary and tertiary intervention.
4. Reconstitution
• Reconstitution is the increase in energy that occurs in relation to the degree of reaction to the stressor.
• In short, it is the return and maintenance of system stability, following treatment for stressor reaction, which may result in a higher or lower level of wellness.
D. Nursing Meta paradigm
i. Person
ii. Environment
iii. Health
iv. Nursing
Neuman's System Model – Nursing Process
1. Assessment
2. Nsg Diagnosis
3. Setting Goals
4. Planning
5. Implementation
6. Evaluation
IV. Application of Betty Neuman’s System Model in Community Health Nursing
• In a community setting, a family is selected and the head of family is suffering from delta variant of Covid -19.

Thank You.

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