PS Rules, X Bar Rules, Specifier, DP, Sub-Categorization Rules, Projection of the Phrase

This video will explain different rules related to PS rules and X bar rules. We’re going from Phrase Structure Grammars to X-bar Syntax. But the trick is to recognize that, even though we’re going to be using the term “X-bar syntax,” we aren’t actually changing theories at all. The same principles, formalizations, and theoretical tools will be used in X-bar syntax that we’ve already been using. Our trees are just going to look more complicated. The reason that our trees will look more complicated is that we’re going to discover in this chapter that there are lot of “hidden” layers. Just like when we discussed functional categories we learned to infer the presence of structure, even when we can’t directly see it, we’ll use the same tools to infer the presence of “bar-levels.”

From this, we’ll make a theoretical leap. As a hypothesis about syntax, we’ll adopt a uniform structural representation for all phrases. This is “X-bar syntax.” It’s the hypothesis that all phrases share a structure, i.e., every phrase looks identical. The hypothesis makes a number of testable predictions, which we’ll explore in terms of the complement/adjunct distinction.
Simplified VP rule for English (revised)

VP → V’
V’ → V’ PP
V’ → V (DP)
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Видео PS Rules, X Bar Rules, Specifier, DP, Sub-Categorization Rules, Projection of the Phrase канала Language & Linguistics Online Dr Khurram Shahzad