Chap#19 | Chromatography | Thin layer Chromatography | Class 12 | Federal board

TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) is like a quick check for mixtures!

- How it works:
- Spot sample on silica plate.
- Solvent (mobile phase) moves up plate via capillary action.
- Compounds separate based on polarity (more polar = more stuck to silica, less movement).
- Key uses:
- Check purity
- Identify compounds (match R₇ values to knowns).
- Follow reactions
- R₇ (Retention factor):
- R₇ = distance compound travels / distance solvent travels
- 0 (stuck) to 1 (travels with solvent)
- Visualization:
- UV light (if compounds UV-active)
- I₂ staining, KMnO₄, etc

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