G proteins and G protein coupled receptors - Medical Biochemistry Animation

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G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors in detail

G proteins — G proteins are molecular intermediaries that initiate the intracellular communication process .

After the hormone binds to its receptor, a G protein is stimulated. Stimulation begins the intracellular process of signal transduction.

G proteins are composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) and are classified according to their alpha subunit.

G proteins that stimulate adenylyl cyclase are classified as the Gs type; those that inhibit adenylyl cyclase are called Gi. To date, 20 different G protein alpha subunits have been identified .
Shortly after receptor stimulation, a series of events are initiated, which ultimately act to turn off signaling. The principal events in this process involve receptor desensitization and internalization, which reestablish cell responsiveness

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