Missing This One Firewalld Rule? Your Cockpit is Exposed

INTRODUCION TO FIREWALLD:

• A firewall is a device that allows multiple networks to communicate with one another
according to a defined security policy. They are used when there is a need for networks
of varying levels of trust to communicate with one another.

For example, a firewall typically exists between a corporate network and a public network like the Internet.
It can also be used inside a private network to limit access to different parts of the network.
Wherever there are different levels of trust among the different parts of a network, a firewall can and should be used.

LAB WORK:
• To check the status of firewalld status
#firewall-cmd --state

• To check the list of trusted services and ports in firewalld
#firewall-cmd --list-all

• To add a service into trusted list permanently
#firewall-cmd --add-service=service name --permanent (ex ftp service)

• The service will not be updated until reloading of firewall
To reload firewalld service
#firewall--cmd --reload

• To remove the service from firewall trusted list permanently
#firewall-cmd --remove-service=ftp –permanent
#firewall-cmd --reload

• To add a port into firewall trusted lists permanently
#firewall-cmd --add-port=21/tcp –permanent
#firewall-cmd –reload

• To remove a port from firewall trusted lists permanently
#firewall-cmd --remove-port=21/tcp --permanent
#firewall-cmd --reload

• To start the firewall permanently
#systemctl start firewalld.service
#systemctl enable firewalld.service

• To stop the firewall permanently
#systemctl stop firewalld.service
#systemctl disable firewalld.service

INTRODUCING TO COCKPIT IN RHEL8

• The Cockpit is a free and open source web-based server management tool. By default,
Cockpit comes preinstalled on an RHEL 8 server. But, it is not activated. A sysadmin must
enable it. One can see the server in a web browser and perform system tasks with a
GUI/mouse. It is easy to start containers, administer storage or users, configure networks,
and inspect log files on RHEL 8. The Cockpit web interface is user-friendly for new to Linux
users and seasoned sysadmins too.

• Cockpit is a useful Web based GUI tool through which sysadmins can monitor and manage
their Linux servers, it can also be used to manage networking and storage on servers,
containers, virtual machines and inspections of system and application’s logs.

Activating cockpit services:
As mentioned above cockpit tool comes pre-installed in RHEL8 and hence we don’t have
to install any package for it. The only thing we need to do is to activate the services related
to cockpit and allow it through firewall.

It can be observed that while we login into any rhel8 machine, by default it gives a message
on the screen related to cockpit, as shown below.

• In order to use cockpit start the service of cockpit and check whether in firewall the services is allowed or not.
#systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

• Check whether cockpit is allowed in firewall or not. If not, allow cockpit in firewall
#firewall-cmd --list-all

• By default cockpit is pre-allowed in firewall. If it is not pre-allowed, then it can be added later by using following commands

#firewall-cmd --add-service=cockpit –permanent
#firewall-cmd –reload

• Now then the cockpit services are active and allowed in firewall, we can now access it through
a browser using the following URL

https://server IP:9090

Note: Initially it may reflect privacy error, click on Advanced tab and proceed to continue

• Type root or any other user credentials to login with

• As you can see there are many options which can be explored to do various activities.
Go ahead and explore tabs for more activities, in-fact the many important activities can be
controlled or performed using cockpit.

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