Fernand Leger 1881-1955 French painter, designer, semi-abstract Cubist

Fernand Léger 1881-1955
French painter and designer. Born in Argentan, Normandy. Apprenticed to an architect at Caen 1897-9. Moved to Paris in 1900 and worked as architect's draughtsman, also studying at the Ecole des Arts Décoratifs and the Académie Julian. Influenced from 1907 by Cézanne. Met Delaunay, Gleizes, the Douanier Rousseau and others; participated from 1909 in the Cubist movement and developed a semi-abstract Cubist idiom with dynamic contrasting tubular forms. First one-man exhibition at the Galerie Kahnweiler, Paris, 1912. Fought in the French Army 1914-17, and was excited by the beauty of machine forms. Paintings sometimes dynamic, sometimes static of subjects taken from modern industrial civilisation and objects such as keys, pipes, etc.; bold oppositions of colour. Friendship with Le Corbusier and Ozenfant. Collaborated on an experimental film Ballet Mécanique 1924, designed sets and costumes for the ballet, and experimented with mural painting. Took refuge 1940-5 in the USA, where he started to make compositions of divers, acrobats and cyclists. Returned in 1945 to France and in his last years was active not only as a painter but as designer for the ballet and of polychrome sculpture in ceramic, mosaics and stained glass. Series of figure paintings of construction workers, the circus, etc. Awarded the Grand Prix at the 1955 Sao Paulo Bienal. Died at Gif-sur-Yvette.
約瑟夫·費爾南·亨利·萊熱（法語：Joseph Fernand Henri Léger，1881年2月4日－1955年8月17日），法國畫家、雕塑家、電影導演。早年由印象派、野獸派轉入立體派，1909年與羅貝爾·德洛奈一起倡導「由反差引起的自由色彩之戰」。第一次世界大戰中參加了凡爾登戰役，之後進入了「活力時期」，創作了一批描繪勞動者的圖畫。1920年代到1940年代，萊熱往返於法國、美國之間，1935年在紐約現代藝術博物館舉辦了個人展，1945年加入法國共產黨。晚年轉入古典主義風格，曾為聯合國總部作畫。1955年獲聖保羅雙年展大獎，同年逝世。

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