A-Level Biology - Lipids: Triglycerides & Phospholipids | Cholesterol (2026/27 exams)

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*** WHAT'S COVERED ***
1. Structure and Function of Triglycerides
* The components of a triglyceride: a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid tails.
* The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid chains.
* Adaptations of triglycerides for energy storage, including their non-polar nature.
2. How Triglycerides are Synthesised and Broken Down
* The formation of ester bonds through condensation reactions.
* The breakdown of ester bonds through hydrolysis reactions.
3. Structure and Function of Phospholipids
* The components of a phospholipid, including the phosphate group.
* The properties of the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
* How phospholipids form a bilayer to create cell membranes.
4. Structure and Function of Cholesterol
* The structure of cholesterol as a type of lipid called a sterol.
* Cholesterol's role in making vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile.
* How cholesterol regulates the stability and fluidity of animal cell membranes.

*** EXAM BOARD INFO ***
AQA - You don't need to know about the structure and function of cholesterol
OCR - Everything is relevant to your course!
CIE - You don't need to know about the structure and function of cholesterol

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 Introduction to Lipids
0:33 Structure and Function of Triglycerides
2:04 How Triglycerides are Synthesised and Broken Down
2:58 Structure and Function of Phospholipids
4:42 Structure and Functions of Cholesterol

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