Molecular Basis Of Inheritance Short Tricks|biology bytes|Ncert for NEET|AIIMS|JIPMER|Class 12

Key Features of the Genetic Code
61 codons code for 20 amino acids.
Three codons do not code for any amino acids. They function as stop codons to end protein synthesis. These are UAG, UGA, and UAA.
Each codon codes for only one amino acid, hence, it is unambiguous and specific.
Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon, hence the genetic code is degenerate. Most of this degeneracy involves the third nucleotide of a codon.
The code is read in mRNA in a continuous fashion. There is no punctuation.
The AUG codon has a dual function. It codes for methionine (met), and it also acts as a start (or initiator) codon to start protein synthesis.

What is a Codon?
Genetic Code Table
A codon is a triplet of nucleotides. With four nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil), there are 64 possible combinations of three-nucleotide sequences. 61 of these code for 20 different amino acids. For example, if the triplet of nucleotides is UUA (uracil-uracil-adenine), the amino acid is leucine.

The other three are called stop codons. These signal to the ribosome that protein synthesis has ended and to let go of the mRNA. There is also a start codon, but it codes for methionine in addition to start. For the entire code, refer to the chart at the left.

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