Balance of Payments (BOP)

🎯 Balance of Payments (BOP) –
Definition:
Balance of Payments is a systematic record of all economic transactions between the residents of a country and the rest of the world during a specific period, usually a year.

👉 In simple:
“Desh ke andar aur bahar ke beech jo bhi paisa ka lena-dena hota hai — sabka full हिसाब = BOP.”

⚙️ Main Components of BOP
1️⃣ Current Account
Deals with day-to-day transactions
Goods (Visible trade) → Exports & Imports
Services (Invisible trade) → IT, tourism, banking
Income → Interest, dividends, wages
Transfers → Remittances (NRIs sending money home)
👉 Example: India exporting software or receiving remittances from abroad
2️⃣ Capital Account
Deals with capital movement & investments
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)
Loans & Banking Capital
External Borrowings
👉 Example: A foreign company investing in India
3️⃣ Official Reserves Account
Maintained by central bank like Reserve Bank of India
Foreign exchange reserves
Gold reserves
IMF reserves
👉 Used to balance any surplus or deficit
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Видео Balance of Payments (BOP) канала Economicslaadli