How did the Ottomans overcome a Civil War? History of the Ottoman Empire (1400 - 1500)

How did the Ottomans overcome an internal crisis? History of the Ottoman Empire (1400 - 1500)

"
The start of the 15th century in the Ottoman Empire marked the final years of Bayezid I’s reign
as Sultan.

In 1400, major tensions began to rise between the Ottoman leader and a Turko-Mongol
warlord by the name of Timur. This once cold-war reached a heated climax in 1402 at the Battle
of Ankara.

While on his way back through Anatolia to confront the threat of his powerful rival, Bayezid
was caught off guard by Timur and his troops as they besieged the city of Ankara, withholding
the only source of water for the Ottoman troops and forcing them to engage in battle. By the
end of the conflict, Timur’s army prevailed while Bayezid and his sons attempted to make an
escape.
"

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♦Sources :
Byzantium: A Tale of Three Cities (BBC Four TV Program)

East and West in the Crusader States by Krijna Nelly Ciggaar and various authors

Empires of Islam in Renaissance Historical Thought by Margaret Meserve (Harvard University Press)

The Late Medieval Balkans by John V. A. Fine (University of Michigan Press)

The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 14012-1413 by Dimitris J. Kastritsis

A Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire by Donald Edgar Pitcher

Osman’s Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire by Caroline Finkel

History of the Byzantine State by George Ostrogorsky

The Last Great Muslim Empires: History of the Muslim World by Bertold
Sputer, Frank Ronald Charles Bailey, Hans Joachim Kissling

The Last Centuries of Byzantium by Donald MacGillivray Nicol

Europe and the Islamic World: A History by John Tolan, Henry Laurens, Gilles Veinstein (Princeton University Press)

From Osman to Ataturk by Edward J. Erickson, Mesut Uyar

Constantinople: City of the World’s Desire by Philip Mansel

Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453 by Roger Crowley

Architecture, Ceremonial, and Power: The Topkapi Palace in the 15th and 16th Centuries by Gulru Necipoglu

Gennadios II Scholarios I Patriarch of Constantinople by the editors of Encyclopedia Britannica

The Nature of the Early Ottoman State by Heath W. Lowry

The Grand Turk: Sultan Mehmet II - Conquerer of Constantinople and Master of an Empire by John Freely

A History of the Muslim World Since 1260: The Making of a Global Community by Vernon O. Egger

The Jewish Encyclopedia Vol. 2 by Isidore Singer, Cyrus Adler

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