VAM|Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza|Production|ICAR-NET|Soil Microbiology|Rohit Shankar Mane

1. What Is VAM
The term mycorrhiza was taken from Greek language meaning
'fungus root'.
term was coined by Frank in 1885
The mycorrhiza is a mutualistic association between fungal mycelia and plant roots.
VAM is an endotrophic (live inside) mycorrhiza formed by aseptated phycomycetous fungi.
VAM help in nutrient transfer mainly of phosphorus, zinc and sulfur.
Mycorrhizae is the symbiotic association between plant roots and soil fungus of the 7 types of mycorrhizae,
VAM plays a great role in inducing plant growth.
VAM are symbiotic entophytic soil fungi, which colonize the roots of approximately 80% plants.
The VAM hyphae also help is retaining moisture around the root zone of plants
It increases the resistance to root borne or soil borne pathogens and Nematodes.

2. Mechanism of VAM
The VAM forms an association with plant roots.
It penetrates in the root cortex and spreads around the roots of the plant.
As the name indicates, they posses sac like structure called vesicules which stores phosphorus as Phospholipids.
The other structure called arbuscule helps bringing the distant nutrients to the vesicules and root.

3. production of VAM
VAM spores isolated
Spores mixed with sterilized soil
Soil filled in pots
Host plant transplanted in pots
Kept 3-4 months in green house Soil in the pot along with roots of host
plant is macerated
Dried till it attains 5% moisture
Dried soil inoculants used for field application

4. Uses of VAM
Enhances the feeding areas of the plant root is as the hyphae spreads around the roots.
Mobilizes the nutrients from distantance to root.
Stores the nutrients (sp. phosphorus).
Removes the toxic chemicals (example : phenolics) which otherwise hinder nutrient availability.
Provide protection against other fungi and nematodes
It increase growth rate in plants (citrus, maize, wheat, etc.)
It reduces sensitivity of crop towards high level of salts and heavy metals

Видео VAM|Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza|Production|ICAR-NET|Soil Microbiology|Rohit Shankar Mane канала Scientist R Academy