What the HECK is Mass?

The concept of "mass" shows up a lot of different places: Newton's Laws of Motion, Inertia, Gravity, Einstein's Relativity, Quantum Mechanics. Is it relativistic mass or just rest mass? These confusions are everywhere. Let's clarify.
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS

What is Inertia?
https://youtu.be/lZhjyP3-lME

Why Doesn't Light Have Mass?
https://youtu.be/ueuwWiR-Dw4

How Fast Is Light?
https://youtu.be/a9T26ItpcDA

What is a Quantum Field?!?
https://youtu.be/Y7Ac8zKTD-E
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RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS

Veritasium on Mass/Higgs:
https://youtu.be/n_yx_BrdRF8
https://youtu.be/Ztc6QPNUqls

PBS Space Time on Mass/Higgs:
https://youtu.be/gSKzgpt4HBU
https://youtu.be/kixAljyfdqU
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OTHER SOURCES

http://www.preposterousuniverse.com/blog/2012/12/07/how-to-explain-the-higgs-mechanism/
http://www.spaceflight.esa.int/impress/text/education/Mechanical%20Properties/Dislocations_02.html
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LINKS TO COMMENTS

Relativistic Mass:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueuwWiR-Dw4&lc=UgwSfxTYdkkKF3-PV6p4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmi_h5A8B2k&lc=UgzsfZl3EnmjBNFBq6F4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXJVi66qBg8&lc=UgyZZqSXDQbaZLdALDN4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB1EPGmpzyg&lc=Ugz78W-NJqh5bTjSAwh4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmi_h5A8B2k&lc=Ugyjxg2lPwWhog--1y54AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vmi_h5A8B2k&lc=UgxGOFnpBzirRwCfq-54AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpgGQMCxU20&lc=Ugy0HAqFO5SuKZZGcMl4AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73XdlgzSKws&lc=Ugx37cepUXffWXw5vP54AaABAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueuwWiR-Dw4&lc=Ugz9Z8UEptQymOyifwt4AaABAg

Featured Comments:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2OlsMblugo&lc=Ugwf-6uVMoL493jNE6B4AaABAg
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IMAGE CREDITS

Fermilab Logo:
http://www.fnal.gov/faw/designstandards/logo.html
https://img.youtube.com/vi/LTJauaefTZM/maxresdefault.jpg

Видео What the HECK is Mass? канала The Science Asylum