India’s Most Painful Medieval Punishment: Gohtna | History 101

In medieval India, one of the most brutal and humiliating punishments was known as Gohtna—a method used to crush a person’s legs as a form of extreme physical torment and public shaming. Typically reserved for lower-caste individuals, rebels, or those who defied powerful landlords or rulers, Gohtna involved placing a heavy wooden beam or cart wheel on the victim’s legs, slowly applying pressure until bones shattered.

The punishment wasn’t just physical—it was deeply symbolic. It was meant to strip away dignity, disable the body, and publicly mark the punished as broken and powerless. In many cases, Gohtna was used not as execution, but as a permanent reminder of one’s disobedience.

Rarely written about in mainstream texts, Gohtna highlights the harsh realities of caste-based punishment, feudal control, and brutal enforcement of social order in historic India.

But how widespread was this practice? Who were the people subjected to it? And what does it reveal about the justice systems of medieval Indian society?

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