Pneumothorax | Clinical Features | Emergency Medicine | Medical Student V-Learning

Taller and thinner men are more prone to pneumothorax! What factors support this statement? Click on this video to find out!

▬ 📃 How does Pneumothorax happen? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall. This air pushes on the outside of your lung and makes it collapse. Pneumothorax can be a complete lung collapse or a collapse of only a portion of the lung.

▬ 📜 Etiology of Pneumothorax ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Pneumothorax presides when a past injury or disease prolongs or recurrence of that disease occurs. It includes:
🟡 Chest Injury
🟡 Lung disease
🟡 Ruptured air blisters (Blebs)
🟡 Mechanical Ventilation

▬ 📃 Risk factors for Pneumothorax
In general, thinner, and taller men are more prone to having such conditions due to the shape of their lungs. Other risk factors that contribute are:
🔵 Smoking
🔵 Genetics
🔵 Lung disease
🔵 Previous history of Pneumothorax

▬ 📜 Pneumothorax Pathophysiology ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
3 types of Pneumothorax follow 3 different pathophysiologies. These three types are:
🟢 Open Pneumothorax
🟢 Closed Pneumothorax
🟢 Tension Pneumothorax

All three of them will lead to the collapsing of the lungs and in turn cause a pneumothoraces phenomenon.

▬ 📃 Pneumothorax Clinical Features ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Just like the Pathophysiology of pneumothorax, the clinical presentation also varies in different types of pneumothorax, but major physical signs include:
⚫️ Mediastinal shift
⚫️ Intercostal fullness
⚫️ Diminished movements
⚫️ Hyper-resonate percussion notes
⚫️ Reduced or Absent breath sounds

▬ 📜 Diagnostic Tests for Pneumothorax ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Tests that are performed to check the presence of pneumothorax are:
🟡 X-ray: For mediastinum shift
🟡 Oxygen saturation: Abnormal in the presence of lung disease
🟡 Ultrasonography or CT scan: Detects small pneumothoraces
🟡 Chest Radiograph: Shows a full picture of abnormalities in the lungs

▬ 📃 Possible Management of Pneumothorax ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Although Pneumothorax usually happens in combination with certain diseases, its management is necessary in critically ill patients. The following parameters are listed below:
🟣 Drainage
🟣 Pleural abrasion
🟣 Pleurectomy
🟣 Surgical Pleurodesis

A simple yet helpful algorithm is made for you to memorize the management protocol of pneumothorax, at the end of the video so do not forget to check that out!

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