The Most Evil Building in Europe

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Credit to Google Earth for providing me the map and satellite data required for the models.

This is a video about Nikolai Ceaucescu's Palace of the Parliament in Bucharest, Romania.

Images via Getty
Map source by MapTiler / OpenStreetMap Contributors via Geolayers 3

Urban planning, architecture, masterplans.

Sources:

(Images to scale): https://portmanteau.ro/

1: https://rolandia.eu/en/blog/places/palace-of-the-parliament
2: https://www.klm.es/en/travel-guide/inspiration/gigantic-palace-of-the-parliament-in-downtown-bucharest ; https://www.sacyr.com/en/-/los-misterios-del-edificio-mas-pesado-del-mundo
3: Edward Behr (Ceausescu)
4: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306210297_Urban_space_political_identity_and_the_unwanted_legacies_of_state_socialism_Bucharest's_problematic_Centru_civic_in_the_post-socialist_era
5: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040195112000431
6: Gociman, C. O., Florescu, T., Moscu, C. I., & Girneata, M. (2018). Urban Aggression by Ideological, Political and Economic Strain—Anthropic Hazards. Procedia Engineering, 212, 1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.01.149
7: Ceaușescu, Power and Architecture (Moghioros)
8: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705818301759
9: Gociman, C. O., Florescu, T., Moscu, C. I., & Girneata, M. (2018). Urban Aggression by Ideological, Political and Economic Strain—Anthropic Hazards. Procedia Engineering, 212, 1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2018.0
10: Urban reconstruction and autocratic regimes: Ceausescu's Bucharest in its historic context Maria De Betania Uchoa Cavalcanti
11: Systematization (Dana Vais) ; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306210297_Urban_space_political_identity_and_the_unwanted_legacies_of_state_socialism_Bucharest's_problematic_Centru_civic_in_the_post-socialist_era
12: https://www.romania-insider.com/bucharest-centennial-palace-parliament-mega-construction-2018 ; The political agency of cityscapes: Spatializing governance in Ceausescu's Bucharest (Burce O'Neill) ; https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-31-mn-306-story.html
13: https://spynews.ro/actualitate/imagini-fabuloase-cum-ar-fi-putut-arata-casa-poporului-daca-nicolae-ceausescu-accepta-alte-propuneri-cum-ti-se-par-ideile-52343.html ; Edward Behr (Ceausescu) ; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8xpSWF7Gm8
14: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-31-mn-306-story.html ; Edward Behr (Ceausescu); https://youtu.be/OapDkDI7orY ; https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-week-in-death-the-dictators-architect
15: https://oddiblogg.no/nicolae-ceausescu-and-the-revolution-in-romania/?lang=en ; https://www.jstor.org/stable/40209336
16: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/anca-petrescu-rtsznhbzplp ; https://www.archdaily.com/945948/eastern-bloc-architecture-trailblazing-churches-and-controversial-city-buildings https://architectuul.com/architecture/the-ceausescu-palace
17: https://www.klm.es/en/travel-guide/inspiration/gigantic-palace-of-the-parliament-in-downtown-bucharest ; https://www.romania-insider.com/romanian-authorities-looking-part-time-guides-parliaments-palace ; http://cic.cdep.ro/en/general-presentation/palace-of-parliament-the-building
18: https://youtu.be/OapDkDI7orY
19: https://rolandia.eu/en/blog/history-of-romania/romania-under-nicolae-ceausescu-s-communist-regime/ ; https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1991/09/29/in-the-palace-of-the-good-communist/b1dcafa9-3f1d-49da-826b-59c9f9dec062/ ; https://www.blog.urbact.eu/2011/01/the-romanian-parliament-palace-a-controversy-in-the-heart-of-bucharest/
20: https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/destinations/europe/116399516/monument-to-a-madman-romanias-palace-of-the-parliament ; https://www.klm.es/en/travel-guide/inspiration/gigantic-palace-of-the-parliament-in-downtown-bucharest ; https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/12/25/romanian-tunnels-found-to-be-vast/dbe463d0-cb6e-4e31-82ab-9c9fcfbe9354/
21: Edward Behr (Ceausescu)
22: https://www.rferl.org/a/romania-iordachescu-engineer-dies-89-churches-bucharest/29693838.html ; https://apnews.com/article/travel-nicolae-ceausescu-bucharest-romania-europe-93eeb93e973b48c880f1bb21a23094dd
23: Urban Reconstruction and Autorcratic Regimes (Calvalcanti) ;
24: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/22/romania-palace-of-the-parliament-communism-30-years-after-fall-nicolae-ceausescu-christmas-day ; https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-use-details-at-Parliament-Palace-area-a-Pappasoglu-Map-1871-b-Satellite_fig1_266884803

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