Rock Thrush Breeding, Feeding & Leaving The Chick From Nest.

The rock thrushes, Monticola, are a genus of chats, medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous songbirds. All are Old World birds, and most are associated with mountainous regions.

Taxonomy:
The genus was erected by the German naturalist Friedrich Boie in 1822. Monticola is the Latin word for mountain-dweller or mountaineer. The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae. Molecular phylogenetic studies published in 2004 and 2010 showed that the species are more closely related to members of the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae.

The genus contains the following species:

White-winged cliff chat, Monticola semirufus (formerly in Thamnolaea)[8]
Cape rock thrush, Monticola rupestris
Sentinel rock thrush, Monticola explorator
Short-toed rock thrush, Monticola brevipes
Miombo rock thrush, Monticola angolensis
Common rock thrush, Monticola saxatilis
Little rock thrush, Monticola rufocinereus
Blue rock thrush, Monticola solitarius
Chestnut-bellied rock thrush, Monticola rufiventris
Blue-capped rock thrush, Monticola cinclorhyncha
White-throated rock thrush, Monticola gularis
Littoral rock thrush, Monticola imerinus
Forest rock thrush, Monticola sharpei
Benson's rock thrush, Monticola sharpei bensoni
Amber Mountain rock thrush Monticola sharpei erythronotus

Fossil record:
Monticola pongraczi (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)

Others Thrush Birds:
Thrush (bird), any of the birds in the family Turdidae
Antthrush, any of the birds in the family Formicariidae
Dohrn's thrush-babbler (Horizorhinus dohrni), a species of bird in the family Timalidae
Laughingthrush, any of the birds in the genus Garrulax, in the family Timalidae
Palm thrush, any of the birds in the genus Cichladusa in the family Muscapidae
Quail-thrush, any of the birds in the genus Cinclosoma, in the family Cinclosomatidae
Rock thrush, any of the birds in the genus Monticola in the family Muscapidae
Rosy thrush-tanager (Rhodinocichla rosea), a species of bird in the family Thraupidae
Shrikethrush, any of the birds in the family Colluricinclidae
Spotted thrush-babbler (Ptyrticus turdinus), a species of bird in the family Timaliidae
Thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia), a species of bird in the family Muscapidae
Thrush-like antpitta (Myrmothera campanisona), a species of bird in the Formicariidae
Thrush-like schiffornis (Schiffornis turdina), a species of bird in the family Tityridae
Thrush-like woodcreeper or plain-winged woodcreeper (Dendrocincla turdina), a species of bird in the family Furnariidae
Thrush-like wren (Campylorhynchus turdinus), a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae
True thrush, any of the birds in the genus Turdus, e.g.
Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus)
Song thrush (Turdus philomelos), also known as "throstle" or "mavis"

Song thrush:
The song thrush (Turdus philomelos) is a thrush that breeds across the West Palearctic. It has brown upper-parts and black-spotted cream or buff underparts and has three recognised subspecies. Its distinctive song, which has repeated musical phrases, has frequently been referred to in poetry.

The song thrush breeds in forests, gardens and parks, and is partially migratory with many birds wintering in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East; it has also been introduced into New Zealand and Australia. Although it is not threatened globally, there have been serious population declines in parts of Europe, possibly due to changes in farming practices.

The song thrush builds a neat mud-lined cup nest in a bush or tree and lays four to five dark-spotted blue eggs. It is omnivorous and has the habit of using a favourite stone as an "anvil" on which to break open the shells of snails. Like other perching birds (passerines), it is affected by external and internal parasites and is vulnerable to predation by cats and birds of prey.

Distribution and habitat:

The song thrush breeds in most of Europe (although not in the greater part of Iberia, lowland Italy or southern Greece), and across the Ukraine and Russia almost to Lake Baikal. It reaches to 75°N in Norway, but only to about 60°N in Siberia. Birds from Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Russia winter around the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East, but only some of the birds in the milder west of the breeding range leave their breeding areas.

In Great Britain song thrushes are commonly found where there are trees and bushes. Such areas include parks, gardens, coniferous and deciduous woodland and hedgerows.

Birds of the nominate subspecies were introduced to New Zealand and Australia by acclimatisation societies between 1860 and 1880, apparently for purely sentimental reasons. In New Zealand, where it was introduced on both the main islands, the song thrush quickly established itself and spread to surrounding islands such as the Kermadecs, Chatham and Auckland Islands. Although it is common and widespread in New Zealand, in Australia only a small population survives around Melbourne.

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