客家人歷史 (History of the Hakka People)
客家人歷史 (History of the Hakka People)
This is a brief documentary in video with narration in Mandarin and subtitles in Chinese.
The Hakka (客家) are Han Chinese people who speak several variations of the Hakka dialect, including Meixian and Longchuan. The Hakka dialect spoken in Meixian is considered the standard form.
The Hakka people were forced to flee their homes in the war-torn Yellow River valley (Shanxi, Henan, Hubei and Anhui in north-central China) to seek refuge in southern China in five successive waves of migration at various stages between the 4th and 13th centuries AD.
The first migration took place during the 4th century at the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, when Hakka ancestors reached as far south as Hubei, south Henan, and central Jiangxi. By the late 9th and early 10th centuries, with the disorder created during the late Tang dynasty, the ancestors of the present-day Hakka moved farther south into Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong. The third wave, which stretched from the beginning of the 12th century to the middle of the 17th, was caused by the exodus of the Southern Song dynasty and their supporters in a southward flight from the Mongol invasion. This dislodged people from Jiangxi and southwestern Fujian and forced them further into the northern and eastern quarters of Guangdong. By the end of the Yuan dynasty (1368), northern and eastern Guangdong were exclusively Hakka. The fourth wave, which lasted from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century, began with the Manchu conquest, and during the Qing dynasty, migration expanded into the central and coastal areas of Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan, and southern Guizhou. By the time of the fifth wave, beginning in the middle of the 19th century, conflicts between the Hakka and the Yue increased. Triggered by population pressure, the Hakka-Punti (Yue called themselves Punti people, meaning local people in Cantonese dialect) Wars, and the large Hakka involvement in the Taiping Rebellion, the fifth wave of migration sent Hakka emigrants to seek better lives farther afield, to the southern part of Guangdong, Hainan Island, and overseas to Southeast Asia (Malaya and Borneo). The establishment of the People's Republic of China and China's announcement of the intent to reclaim Hong Kong in 1997 have created the sixth wave of migration, which has continued the flow of Hakka overseas to the United States, Australia, and Canada.
The Hakka have had a long history of conflict and competition with other Chinese groups over scarce land and resources. In Fujian and Taiwan they suffered from hostile relations with Min, and in Guangdong they fought with Yue speakers. Hakka-Yue conflicts were particularly violent throughout the middle of the 19th century, in the aftermath of the Taiping Rebellion, and during the Hakka-Punti Wars (1854-1867). The Yue-speaking people were also called Punti people which means "local people".
The Hakka have emigrated to many parts of the world. By the 20th century Hakka could be found on virtually every continent. Many of them have settled in Taiwan, Asia (India, Burma, Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, and East Timor), North and South America (USA, Canada, Panama and Brazil), the Carribean (Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago), Africa (South Africa and Mauritius), Australia and Europe (Great Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands).
The Hakka people have had a significant influence on the course of Chinese and world history. The Hakka have long played an important role in Chinese politics, despite their economic disadvantages. During the Qing dynasty, the Hakka fared well in the imperial examinations and ascended into the imperial bureaucracy. Today they are disproportionately well represented in the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC). While they comprise of 3.7% of the population of the PRC, they represent a far greater proportion of government leaders. Among the most well-known Hakka political figures are Deng Xiaoping; Zhu De, the military commander during the Long March; Marshal Ye Jiangying, leader of the Peoples Liberation Army; and former Communist Party Secretary Hu Yaobang. Outside of the PRC, Hakka leaders include Taiwan's President Lee Teng-hui; Singapore's President Lee Kwan Yew; Burma's Prime Minister Ne Win; and the governor-general of Trinidad and Tobago, Sir Solomon Hochoy.
It was estimated that the total population of Hakka people in china was over 38 million in 1990. In 1992 the world population of the Hakka was approximately 75 million, increasing to about 80 million worldwide today.
For more information on the Hakka people:
http://manmadewonders.tripod.com/hakka-people.html
History of China playlist:
http://worldresources.tripod.com/first-emperor.html
Видео 客家人歷史 (History of the Hakka People) канала Peter Tong
This is a brief documentary in video with narration in Mandarin and subtitles in Chinese.
The Hakka (客家) are Han Chinese people who speak several variations of the Hakka dialect, including Meixian and Longchuan. The Hakka dialect spoken in Meixian is considered the standard form.
The Hakka people were forced to flee their homes in the war-torn Yellow River valley (Shanxi, Henan, Hubei and Anhui in north-central China) to seek refuge in southern China in five successive waves of migration at various stages between the 4th and 13th centuries AD.
The first migration took place during the 4th century at the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, when Hakka ancestors reached as far south as Hubei, south Henan, and central Jiangxi. By the late 9th and early 10th centuries, with the disorder created during the late Tang dynasty, the ancestors of the present-day Hakka moved farther south into Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong. The third wave, which stretched from the beginning of the 12th century to the middle of the 17th, was caused by the exodus of the Southern Song dynasty and their supporters in a southward flight from the Mongol invasion. This dislodged people from Jiangxi and southwestern Fujian and forced them further into the northern and eastern quarters of Guangdong. By the end of the Yuan dynasty (1368), northern and eastern Guangdong were exclusively Hakka. The fourth wave, which lasted from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century, began with the Manchu conquest, and during the Qing dynasty, migration expanded into the central and coastal areas of Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Taiwan, and southern Guizhou. By the time of the fifth wave, beginning in the middle of the 19th century, conflicts between the Hakka and the Yue increased. Triggered by population pressure, the Hakka-Punti (Yue called themselves Punti people, meaning local people in Cantonese dialect) Wars, and the large Hakka involvement in the Taiping Rebellion, the fifth wave of migration sent Hakka emigrants to seek better lives farther afield, to the southern part of Guangdong, Hainan Island, and overseas to Southeast Asia (Malaya and Borneo). The establishment of the People's Republic of China and China's announcement of the intent to reclaim Hong Kong in 1997 have created the sixth wave of migration, which has continued the flow of Hakka overseas to the United States, Australia, and Canada.
The Hakka have had a long history of conflict and competition with other Chinese groups over scarce land and resources. In Fujian and Taiwan they suffered from hostile relations with Min, and in Guangdong they fought with Yue speakers. Hakka-Yue conflicts were particularly violent throughout the middle of the 19th century, in the aftermath of the Taiping Rebellion, and during the Hakka-Punti Wars (1854-1867). The Yue-speaking people were also called Punti people which means "local people".
The Hakka have emigrated to many parts of the world. By the 20th century Hakka could be found on virtually every continent. Many of them have settled in Taiwan, Asia (India, Burma, Bangladesh), Southeast Asia (Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, and East Timor), North and South America (USA, Canada, Panama and Brazil), the Carribean (Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago), Africa (South Africa and Mauritius), Australia and Europe (Great Britain, France, Spain, Germany, Austria, Belgium, and the Netherlands).
The Hakka people have had a significant influence on the course of Chinese and world history. The Hakka have long played an important role in Chinese politics, despite their economic disadvantages. During the Qing dynasty, the Hakka fared well in the imperial examinations and ascended into the imperial bureaucracy. Today they are disproportionately well represented in the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC). While they comprise of 3.7% of the population of the PRC, they represent a far greater proportion of government leaders. Among the most well-known Hakka political figures are Deng Xiaoping; Zhu De, the military commander during the Long March; Marshal Ye Jiangying, leader of the Peoples Liberation Army; and former Communist Party Secretary Hu Yaobang. Outside of the PRC, Hakka leaders include Taiwan's President Lee Teng-hui; Singapore's President Lee Kwan Yew; Burma's Prime Minister Ne Win; and the governor-general of Trinidad and Tobago, Sir Solomon Hochoy.
It was estimated that the total population of Hakka people in china was over 38 million in 1990. In 1992 the world population of the Hakka was approximately 75 million, increasing to about 80 million worldwide today.
For more information on the Hakka people:
http://manmadewonders.tripod.com/hakka-people.html
History of China playlist:
http://worldresources.tripod.com/first-emperor.html
Видео 客家人歷史 (History of the Hakka People) канала Peter Tong
Показать
Комментарии отсутствуют
Информация о видео
Другие видео канала
【大陸尋奇#1833】世界客都-廣東梅州市 20190922 #客家文化行 #文化C遊記 #城市新象 #跟我一起 #宅在家《客家人有名堂》EP54:海外特別企劃 -馬來西亞篇3The Hakka, Explained朝鲜世界2019 (North Korea World)孫中山 (1866-1925) - 纪录片 HD鄧小平The Hong Kong Story (History of Hong Kong 1841 to 1997 )“四人帮”落幕的最后4小时 叶剑英女儿首次公开:父亲让我“夹着尾巴做人”!【非常说名】KTV 客家本色遊廣東古城 體驗瑤族文化《中國大體驗》第67集 廣東 清遠客家人在外國人眼裡是什麼樣的?答案你絕對想不到!難怪他們永遠能改變中國UNESCO World Heritage Site • Yongding Fujian Tulou (Hakka Houses)白崇禧策划“反攻大陆” 却 “暴毙”在小护士床上?——国民党高官死亡迷局【档案】松口-梅州客家人下南洋的第一站.天下第一侗寨《中國大體驗》第83集 貴州 黎平客家人结婚竟然有这个习俗,太不可思议了【大陸尋奇#1832】新疆 烏魯木齊 霍爾果斯 20190915 #西北絲路文化 #文化C遊記 #城市新象 #跟我一起 #宅在家客家人的祖先是誰?從哪里來的?屬於哪個民族?終於搞清楚了!Who are the Nilotes? Tallest, Darkest and Thinnest People on Earth