What is hydrogen? | Chemistry | JEE/NEET | Extraclass.com

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This video will help you to learn What is hydrogen? with Example.

Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1.

With just one proton and one electron, hydrogen is the most common element, making up 75% of the mass of the entire universe.

While on Earth, it is rarely in a naturally free state due to high reactive nature.

Hydrogen was first discovered as a distinct element in 1766 by English scientist Henry Cavendish.

He prepared it by reacting an acid with metal and described it as “inflammable air from metals”

Cavendish also observed that when the substance was burned, it produced water.

In 1783, French scientist Antoine Lavoisier named the element hydrogen which comes from the Greek ‘hydro’ meaning water and ‘genes’ meaning forming.

An atom of hydrogen has one electron in its K-shell.

And hence has an equal tendency to lose or gain one electron to acquire stable.

When it loses one electron it resembles alkali metals.

While when it gains an electron it resembles halogens.

Due to this reason, its position in the periodic table is uncertain.

Naturally occurring hydrogen contains three isotopes, protium (1H1) which is 99.98%, deuterium (1H2 or D) which is 0.014% and tritium (1H3 or T) which is 7 x 10 -16 %

Tritium is unstable and shows radioactivity.

Hydrogen gas is a colorless, odorless, tasteless but highly combustible diatomic gas at room temperature.

Reactions of Hydrogen gas.

Hydrogen reacts with fluorine and chlorine to form hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride.

Hydrogen reacts with Lithium and Calcium in the presence of heat to form Lithium hydride and calcium hydride.

Hydrogen reacts with Nitrogen gas in the Haber process to give ammonia.

Hydrogen reacts with alkene or alkyne to give alkanes.

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