π e 0 क्या खास है इनमें | Physical Constants

Physical constant, any of a set of fundamental invariant quantities observed in nature and appearing in the basic theoretical equations of physics. Accurate evaluation of these constants is essential in order to check the correctness of the theories and to allow useful applications to be made on the basis of those theories.
The speed of light in a vacuum (c) appears in electromagnetic theory and in relativity theory; in the latter it relates energy to mass through the equation E = mc2. Its value does not depend on any particular experimental conditions such as would affect the speed of a sound wave in air (for which air temperature and the direction and speed of any wind would matter). It is a universal constant of nature.

The charge on the electron (ε) is a fundamental property of a physical particle; it is the smallest unit of electric charge found free in nature. Knowledge of its numerical value is required in many areas of physics and chemistry—e.g., in calculating the mass of an element or compound liberated by passage of a certain amount of current through an electrochemical cell.
constant of gravitation G 6.67384 × 10−11 cubic metre per second squared per kilogram
speed of light (in a vacuum) c 2.99792458 × 108 metres per second
Planck's constant h 6.626070040 × 10−34 joule second
Boltzmann constant k 1.38064852 × 10−23 joule per kelvin
Faraday constant F 9.648533289 × 104 coulombs per mole
electron rest mass me 9.10938356 × 10−31 kilogram
proton rest mass mp 1.672621898 × 10−27 kilogram
neutron rest mass mn 1.674927471 × 10−27 kilogram
charge on electron e 1.6021766208 × 10−19 coulomb
Rydberg constant R∞ 1.0973731568508 × 107 per metre
Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ 5.670367 × 10−8 watt per square metre per kelvin4
fine-structure constant α 7.2973525664 × 10−3

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