Galaxies Are Created When Dark Matter Merges and Clumps Together

In the early universe, a rapid expansion called cosmic inflation occurred, giving rise to tiny quantum fluctuations that eventually transformed into galaxies. Over time, matter in the universe clumped together due to gravity, forming protogalactic clouds, the foundational elements of galaxies.

Galaxies can increase in size through mergers with other galaxies, as smaller galaxies collide and merge to contribute to the formation of larger ones. Within galaxies, stars are born through the gravitational collapse of gas and dust, playing a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies.

The birth of planets involves the formation of protoplanetary disks—rotating disks of gas and dust around young stars containing the materials needed for planet formation. Solid particles within these disks collide and stick together through a process called accretion, gradually forming larger bodies known as planetesimals.

Planetesimals continue to collide and aggregate, forming even larger bodies called protoplanets, which are the early stages of planet formation. As protoplanets grow, they clear their orbits of debris, leading to the final stages of planet formation.
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