Healthy calf (बच्चा) healthy diet. एक बछड़े के लिए स्वस्थ आहार! पूरी जानकारी. #dairy #fodder #cows

Pasture management is the control of pasture grazing by all animals. Pasture should be grazed lightly enough to keep the mature grass growth down but not so much that it is cropped to the ground. If some grasses are not touched by the grazing animals, pull them up before they flower and produce seeds. The livestock should then be moved off the pasture and it is rested to allow the growth of fresh grass. Bushes and trees which goats like to graze will also produce fresh growth. It may be necessary to move herds some distance to find new grazing. Buffalo and cattle can travel up to 3 km while goats and sheep travel up to 5 km from watering points in search of fresh grazing.

Pasture rotation
Pasture can be fenced or hedged to make protected enclosures. This allows animals to be confined to an area while the neighboring pasture is rested. In this way land, can be grazed for 1 to 2 weeks and then rested for several weeks to allow grass to regrow. This is pasture rotation.

PASTURE ROTATION
Manage the grazing of pastures
When the grazing of pastures by livestock is controlled it brings several benefits:
Herding animals allows them to be watched and any problems such as bloat will be quickly noticed.
By preventing animals from overgrazing pasture the fertile top soil will be held in place by the plants and their roots. It will not become eroded and the soil is not washed into streams and irrigation channels causing problems for farmers.
Pasture rotation allows fresh growth of feed plants for the animals. It allows pasture to be left long enough for grasses to produce good roots and seed.
Fencing areas to keep animals out allows the growing of special feed crops which can later be cut and fed to the animals.
Pasture rotation helps in the control of both internal and external parasites. Do not always keep young animals on the pasture near the water supplies. It is here that large numbers of parasite eggs build up.
Remember that the grazing ruminant can eat many things as it grazes:

Wire and nails can pass through the wall of the rumen into the heart and kill. They can also injure the feet.
Plastic bags can choke an animal and block the stomach.
Tin cans and glass can cut the mouth, feet and legs.
Fodder varieties and production
Green fodder : Main source of carbohydrates and crude fibre. Varieties include CO3 and CO4, Bermuda (buffalo grass), Canchrus sps, Napier grass, Congo signal, Fodder sorghum (COFS 27), elephant grass, Sudan grass etc.
Legume : includes Cowpea, horsegram, lucerne, barseem, green gram, black gram, Shanka pushpam (Aparajita – Clitoria ternatea), phillipasara (Phaseolus rilobus), Daincha (Sesbania bispinosa)
Fodder Trees : Subabul, glycericidia, Drumstick, Neem, Sesbania grandiflora, Sesbania sesban, Acacia sp, Melia dubia
Storage of fodder
Silage
It is known as pickle of green fodder. It is easily digestible and highly palatable.
Best quality silage can be prepared from cereal fodder crops like Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Oats and Barley which are rich in carbohydrates/sugars.
Green fodder should be harvested at milking to dough stage of the crop, containing moisture content around 65 to 70 per cent, ideal for silage making.
After harvesting, fodder is chaffed to 1 to 2-inch size for filling in silo pit.
Silage storage structure (Silo pit) is to be constructed prior to initiating silage making.
Surface silo is an ideal storage structure and to be constructed on raised ground to minimize inflow of water. Size of the silo pit depends on the quantity of fodder to be ensiled.
Silo pit with area of one cubic meter (1 metre length x 1 meter width x 1 meter height) is sufficient for ensiling 500 to 600 Kilograms of chaffed fodder.
The chaffed fodder is filled in tightly pressed layer of 10 cm each.
Pressing of fodder can be done manually in small silo and through tractors on big size silo.
After complete filling of silo pit, silage heap should be well sealed at the top with polythene sheet and 5 inches’ thick moist soil layer.
Later, if some cracks are visible in the covered layer, more soil should be spread to seal it.
Use of additives should be avoided in silage making. However, if fodder is not harvested at proper stage, suitable additives (molasses/common salt/ urea/formic acid) can be used during fodder filling.
Hay
Hay is a sun dried green fodder, containing moisture below 15 per cent. It is a good source of digestible dry matter and crude protein for dairy animals during deficit The best quality hay is prepared from thin stem cultivated fodder crops like Lucerne, Oats and Sweet Sudan Grass during hot and dry summer months from March to May. Some perennial pasture grasses like Guinea grass, Rhodes grass, Anjan / Dhaman grass, Blue panic grass are also suitable for hay making. To get best quality hay, these crops are cut at 50 per cent flowering stage.
After cutting, green foliage is evenly spread on dry surface in thin layers of 5 cm thick for sun drying.
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Видео Healthy calf (बच्चा) healthy diet. एक बछड़े के लिए स्वस्थ आहार! पूरी जानकारी. #dairy #fodder #cows канала Dairy Agri Consultant