Renal Filtration Physiology | Renal Clearance | Kidney Anatomy and Physiology V-Learning

▬ 📃 Renal Filtration ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The main points concerning renal filtration are:
🟡 Renal filtration is a blood-purifying process.
🟡 The kidneys receive 1,300 mL of blood every minute.
🟡 26 % of cardiac output enters the kidneys.
🟡 Normal urine output is 1- 1.5 liters/ day.

▬ 📜 Glomerular Filtration ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Glomerular filtration is the process by which the blood is filtered while passing through the glomerular capillaries.
🔵 Glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation.
🔵 The renal corpuscle plays a key role in the process of urine formation.
🔵 The glomerulus is the network of capillaries that functions as a kidney filtration unit.
🔵 The process by which blood is filtered in the glomerulus is known as Ultrafiltration.

👉 Filtration Barrier
The glomerular filtration barrier is a highly specialized blood filtration interface. It is composed of three main layers:
🟠 The fenestrated endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries.
🟠 The glomerular basement membrane.
🟠 The podocytes that line the Bowman's capsule.

▬ 📃 Glomerular Filtration Rate ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time.
🟢 GFR is typically expressed in milliliters per minute (ml/min).
🟢 In a 70 kg person, the GFR averages: 125 ml/min or 180 L/day.
🟢 It is considered one of the most important indicators of kidney function.

A few important terms regarding GFR include:
🔴 Renal Blood Flow (RBF)
🔴 Renal Plasma Flow (RPF)
🔴 Filtration Fraction (FF)

▬ 📜 Factors Determining GFR ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The following are the two key determinants of GFR:
🟣 Filtration coefficient (Kf)
🟣 Net Filtration Pressure (Pnet)

Four components determine the Net Filtration Pressure:
🟢 Hydrostatic Pressure within Glomerular capillaries (PG)
🟢 Hydrostatic Pressure within Bowman’s space (PB)
🟢 Oncotic Pressure within Glomerular capillaries (πG)
🟢 Oncotic Pressure within Bowman’s space (πB)

Hydrostatic Pressure is considered to be the primary component affecting GFR.

👉 Increased GFR
Constriction of the Afferent arteriole and Dilation of the Efferent arteriole
🔵 Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
🔵 Increased Pnet
🔵 Increased GFR

👉 Decreased GFR
Dilation of the Afferent arteriole and Constriction of the Efferent arteriole
🔴 Decreased Hydrostatic Pressure
🔴 Decreased Pnet
🔴 Decreased GFR

▬ 📃 Renal Clearance ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Renal clearance is defined as the volume of plasma cleared off a substance in a given unit of time.
🟠 It depends mainly on GFR, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
🟠 It is typically expressed in units of volume per unit of time, such as mL/min or L/hr
🟠 It is calculated using the formula: Cl = (CU x V) / CP

👉 Importance of Renal Clearance
Determination of renal clearance value for certain substances helps in assessing Kidney Functions such as:
⚫️ Glomerular Filtration Rate
⚫️ Renal Blood Flow

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