Rule of aerodynamics; whitecomb rule #aerodynamicdesign

The Whitcomb area rule is an aerodynamic design principle stating that an aircraft's total wave drag at transonic and supersonic speeds (around Mach 0.75 to 1.2) depends primarily on its total longitudinal cross-sectional area. To minimize drag, this total area must change smoothly from nose to tail.

When wings are added to a fuselage, the sudden spike in cross-sectional area creates severe shock waves and a massive increase in wave drag. The area rule dictates that if you add volume for a wing or canopy, you must subtract that exact same amount of volume from the fuselage itself. This makes the fuselage appear pinched or "waisted" where the wings attach, allowing the air to flow smoothly around the plane without sudden compressions.

Source: NASA
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