LIBERALISM: Political Ideology

Liberalism is one of the great political forces of our time, and liberals are on everyone's mind: socialists hate them, anarchists hate them, conservatives hate them, fascists hate them, and other liberals probably hate them too (we don't have confirmation on that last one yet).

But what is liberalism? What is classical liberalism? What is social liberalism? What is neoliberalism?
How did John Locke, Immanuel Kant and the founding fathers of the United States influence the political thinking of historical leaders such as William Ewart Gladstone, Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt and their peers? What is Keynesianism, constitutionalism, a "liberal democracy" or the postwar consensus?
How did liberalism react to the industrial revolution, to the rise of fascism and communism, to the Cold War and to its end?
Are we at the end of history, as some liberals declared in the 1990s, or has the 21st century brought us on the road to the disestablishment of liberalism? Who will shape the liberalism of the future, if there is one? Will liberalism move towards an alliance with democratic socialists, or towards an alliance with economic nationalists? And who will follow Joe Biden, Mark Rutte, Emmanuel Macron and Justin Trudeau as the defenders of contemporary liberalism?

00:00: Introduction
00:52: The Roots of Liberalism
03:06: Liberal Democracy
04:33: Industrial Revolution, Classical Liberalism and Capitalism
06:28: Continental Developments and the Growth of Radicalism
07:53: The Birth of Social Liberalism
09:45: Social Liberalism in the 20th Century and Keynesianism
12:25: Liberal Hypocrisies and the Cold War
13:44: The Rise of Neoliberalism
14:49: Liberalism in the 21st Century

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