Duct Propagation in VHF/UHF Explained

Duct propagation, often referred to as tropospheric ducting, is a fascinating atmospheric phenomenon that allows VHF, UHF, and microwave radio signals to travel vastly beyond their normal line-of-sight limits. While HF communications (like 40m and 20m) rely on the ionosphere for skywave propagation, VHF and UHF signals normally punch straight through the ionosphere into space. Ducting changes the rules by using the Earth's lower atmosphere (the troposphere) as a massive waveguide. Here is a breakdown of the physics behind ducting and why it heavily impacts the 2-meter, 70-centimeter, and higher bands. https://johnsonfrancis.org/techworld/duct-propagation-in-vhf-uhf-explained/

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