how to remove last n characters from every element in the r vector

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Okay, let's dive into how to remove the last `n` characters from every element within an R vector. This is a common string manipulation task, and R offers several efficient ways to achieve it. I'll provide a comprehensive tutorial, covering different approaches, explanations, and code examples.

**Understanding the Problem**

Imagine you have an R vector of strings:
Your goal is to remove the last, say, `3` characters from each string, resulting in:
Let's explore various R functions and techniques to accomplish this.

**Methods for Removing Last n Characters**

Here's a breakdown of different approaches, along with explanations and code:

**1. Using `substr()` (Base R)**

* **Concept:** The `substr()` function extracts a substring from a string. We can use it to select all characters from the beginning of the string up to the point *before* the last `n` characters.

* **Code:**



* **Explanation:**

1. `nchar(my_vector)`: Calculates the number of characters in each string of the `my_vector`. `nchar` is vectorized, meaning it operates on each element of the vector.
2. `nchar(my_vector) - n`: Subtracts `n` (the number of characters to remove) from the length of each string. This gives you the index of the last character you *want* to keep.
3. `substr(my_vector, 1, nchar(my_vector) - n)`: This is the core part. `substr()` takes three arguments:
* `my_vector`: The vector of strings you want to modify.
* `1`: The starting position of the substring (the first character).
* `nchar(my_vector) - n`: The ending position of the substring. This is the index we calculated to keep all characters up to, but excluding, the last `n`.

* **Advantages:** Part of base R, so no external packages are needed. Relatively straightforward to understand.
* **Disadvantages:** Can be a little verbose. Requires calculating the string length.

**2. Using `stringr::str_sub()` (tidyverse)**
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