🎵 Swan River Colony - Perth, Western Australia, Founded 1829 (History Song)

In 1829, Captain James Stirling founded the Swan River Colony in Western Australia. It was established as a free settlement, distinct from earlier penal colonies on the continent. The first landing took place near the mouth of the Swan River, where Fremantle later developed as the harbor. Perth was laid out soon after, named after Stirling’s parliamentary seat of Perthshire in Scotland.

The colony faced poor soil, limited supplies, and long distances from Britain. Early settlers struggled with agriculture and survival. Despite these hardships, administrative structures and trade connections gradually took shape. Streets were mapped, government buildings erected, and Fremantle became a key port.

The land, however, had long been inhabited by the Noongar people. As farmland expanded, their traditional territories were reduced and access to water and food sources restricted. Tensions and occasional violence marked the early years of contact. These conflicts reflected the wider impact of British colonization across Australia.

Over time, the Swan River Colony became the foundation of Western Australia’s modern development. Perth grew as its administrative and economic center, symbolizing both settlement and displacement in the shaping of the region’s history.

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📘 Glossary
• Captain James Stirling – British naval officer and first Governor of Western Australia.
• Swan River Colony – Free British settlement founded in 1829, forming the basis of modern Perth.
• Perthshire – Region in Scotland; Stirling’s former parliamentary constituency, giving Perth its name.
• Fremantle – Port town at the mouth of the Swan River, established as the colony’s harbor.
• Noongar – Indigenous people of southwestern Australia, original inhabitants of the Perth region.
• Western Australia – The largest state of Australia, with Perth as its capital.

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