Foundations of Occupation Law – Hague Reg. Article 42, Fourth Geneva Convention & the Law

Under international law, occupation occurs when a state exercises effective control over a foreign territory without consent.
But control brings responsibility.

In this episode of Cora Law, we explore the foundations of occupation law — from Article 42 of the Hague Regulations (1907) to the Fourth Geneva Convention (1949) — and how modern conflicts continue to test these principles.

In this episode:

What is the legal definition of occupation?

How does the effective control test work?

What are the rights and obligations of an occupying power?

How do the Hague Regulations and Geneva Conventions interact?

Case examples: Gaza, Crimea, Iraq, and beyond.

Key Legal Sources:

Hague Regulations (1907), Article 42 – Definition of occupation.

Fourth Geneva Convention (1949) – Protection of civilians under occupation.

Additional Protocol I (1977) – Clarifies humanitarian duties.

Rome Statute (1998) – War crimes relating to occupation.

UN Charter (Article 2(4)) – Prohibition on use of force.

Core Principles:

Occupation = effective control without sovereignty.

Civilian rights remain protected under international law.

Occupying powers must maintain order, respect laws, and prevent abuse.

Violations may amount to grave breaches or war crimes.

Why this matters:
Occupation law defines the limits of power — it ensures that even in wartime, human dignity and accountability remain protected.

🎓 Cora Law makes international law clear and accessible — helping students, activists, and professionals understand the rules that protect civilians in conflict zones.
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Видео Foundations of Occupation Law – Hague Reg. Article 42, Fourth Geneva Convention & the Law канала Cora-Law