nucleic acid and nucleotides in hindi | biochemistry

nucleic acids and nucleotides:

Nucleic Acids:

- Definition: long chains of nucleotides that store and transmit genetic information
- Types:
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): double-stranded, contains genetic instructions
- RNA (Ribonucleic acid): single-stranded, involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation
- Structure:
- Phosphate backbone
- Sugar molecules (ribose or deoxyribose)
- Nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil)

Nucleotides:

- Definition: building blocks of nucleic acids
- Composition:
- Phosphate group
- Sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose)
- Nitrogenous base
- Types:
- Mononucleotides (single nucleotide): AMP, GMP, CMP, UMP, TMP
- Dinucleotides (two nucleotides): ATP, ADP, GDP, CDP, UDP
- Oligonucleotides (short chains): used in genetic engineering and research
- Functions:
- Energy storage and transfer (ATP, GTP)
- Signal transduction (cAMP, cGMP)
- Protein synthesis and degradation (amino acid activation).
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