Neoplasia | Part 1

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ACQUIRED ABILITIES OF NEOPLASTIC TISSUE

1.apoptotic evasion
2.self-sustained monoclonal growth
a.all cells in a neoplasm are derived from a single progenitor cell

3.resistance to anti-growth signals
4.angiogenesis
a.must supply nutrients to rapidly growing neoplasm
5.limitless replicative potential
6.invasion
7.metastasis

SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF NEOPLASIA

1.cachexia
2.muscle wasting leading to increased autophagic vacuole formation

1.NORMAL
A.histological characteristics
basal to apical differentiation
small nucleus:cytoplasm (N:C) ratio
intercellular adhesion
2.HYPERPLASIA
A.histological characteristics
increased cell number
otherwise normal histology
reversible
3.DYSPLASIA
A.histological characteristics
increased cell number
loss of cellular orientation
increased cell size
4.CARCINOMA IN SITU (preinvasive)
A.histological characteristics
increased N:C ratio
nuclear changes (chromatin clumping)
basement membrane remains intact
5.INVASIVE CARCINOMA
A.histological characteristics
a neoplasm that has breached the basement membrane but is still localized to tissue of origin
requirements

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