Free Surface Moment: The Most Overlooked Danger

Without proper management, the shifting liquid in a ship’s tanks can create a lethal scenario. Free surface moment (FSM) is one of the most frequently misunderstood elements in ship operation. The deck officer that values their life wants to understand free surface moment. The physics behind it, and how it applies to ship operating limits.
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References

[1] G. Kerr, "The Last Cape Horners," YouTube, 02 Nov 2010. [Online]. Available: https://youtu.be/sUhKBZb7A7c. [Accessed 24 Nov 2020].
[2] Flow-3D, "Sloshing In LNG Tanks - Effects of Tank Motion | FLOW-3D," YouTube, 15 Jul 2017. [Online]. Available: https://youtu.be/n7fbKNWS5PU. [Accessed 23 Nov 2020].
[3] B. Parlatore, "Inspecting Fuel Tanks," Following Seas, 20 Jun 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.followingseas.media/blog/2018/6/19/inspecting-fuel-tanks. [Accessed 24 Nov 2020].
[4] BumbleBeeAUV, "TRIVIATIME: Vessel More Unstall with HALF FILLED TANKS," BumbleBee, 22 Oct 2012. [Online]. Available: https://bumblebee.sg/blog/vessel-more-unstable-with-half-filled-tanks/. [Accessed 24 Nov 2020].
[5] United States Coast Guard, "Free Surface Correction for Intact Stability Calculations," 46 CFR 170.285, Washington, D.C., Nov 24, 2020.
[6] B. Liogman, "Seawise University in Victoria Harbour (Hong Kong)," Wikimedia Commons, 1 July 1972. [Online]. Available: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seawise_University_wreck.jpg. [Accessed 1 Dec 2020].

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