Crops & MSP — Most Repeated Agriculture Topic | UPSC Prelims 2026 | Jatin Bhardwaj

UPSC has asked Crops & MSP questions in almost every Prelims.
This quick revision covers ALL important crops and MSP
with 10+ PYQs solved — in just 21 minutes.
By Jatin Bhardwaj | Unacademy
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Timestamps:
0:00 — Introduction & PYQ Pattern Analysis
1:37 — Cereals — Rice, Wheat, Jowar & Bajra
4:44 — Pulses — PYQ 2020 Solved
6:18 — Oilseeds — Groundnut, Mustard, Soyabean, Sunflower
8:34 — Oil Seeds Overview + Niger Seed PYQ 2023
9:31 — Commercial Crops — Sugarcane, Cotton, Coffee & Tea
12:12 — MSP Introduction — What is it & Who Decides?
13:13 — A2, A2+FL & C2 Methods — Calculation Formula
16:19 — Why Sugarcane is NOT under MSP — FRP Explained
17:32 — PM-AASHA — 3 Components Explained
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CROPS COVERED WITH PYQs:

✅ Rice — Largest area (22%), World's largest exporter = India
PYQ 2019: Largest rice exporter country

✅ Wheat — Rabi crop, 2nd largest area
Largest producer in India: Uttar Pradesh
World's largest exporter: Russia

✅ Jowar — Both Kharif & Rabi, area declining
Largest producer in India: Maharashtra

✅ Bajra (Pearl Millet) — Kharif, area declining
Largest producer: Rajasthan | World: India #1

✅ Pulses — PYQ 2020 directly asked
Largest area: Chickpea (Gram)
India = #1 producer & importer (25% global imports)
Largest state: Madhya Pradesh

✅ Groundnut — Kharif, Gujarat largest producer
✅ Rapeseed/Mustard — Rabi, Rajasthan #1
✅ Soyabean — Kharif, Maharashtra #1, World: Brazil & USA
✅ Sunflower — Area & production declining
World: Ukraine & Russia | India = largest importer
✅ Niger Seed — PYQ 2023, Kharif, Odisha #1
✅ Oil Seeds — 57% edible oil is imported
90% Palm Oil from Indonesia & Malaysia
✅ Sugar Cane — Kharif, UP largest producer
World: Brazil #1, India #2
✅ Cotton — Kharif, World's largest = India
Best soil: Black/Regur soil
✅ Coffee — Arabica (more area) vs Robusta (more production)
Karnataka #1 in India | Brazil #1 in World
✅ Tea — Assam #1 in India | China #1 in World

MSP (MINIMUM SUPPORT PRICE):

✅ What is MSP?
Decided by CCEA (Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs)
Calculated by: CACP (Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices)

✅ Calculation Methods:
A2 = All paid-out costs (seeds, water, electricity etc.)
A2 + FL = A2 + imputed cost of family labour (CURRENT METHOD)
MSP = 1.5 × (A2 + FL) — 50% margin guaranteed
C2 = Comprehensive cost (A2+FL + rent + interest) — under debate

✅ 22 Crops covered under MSP:
7 Cereals: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Barley, Ragi
5 Pulses: Gram, Tur, Moong, Urad, Lentil
7 Oilseeds: Groundnut, Rapeseed, Soyabean, Sunflower,
Sesamum, Safflower, Niger Seed
3 Commercial: Copra, Cotton, Raw Jute

✅ Sugarcane NOT under MSP — under FRP
FRP = Fair and Remunerative Price
Declared under Essential Commodities Act
Legally BINDING on sugar industry

✅ PM-AASHA (Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan):
3 Components:
1. Price Support Scheme — physical procurement
up to 25% of production in a state
2. Price Deficiency Payment — only oilseeds
DBT of difference between MSP & market price
3. Private Procurement — private sector buys directly

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