Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) by Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is a complex, mysterious, and endlessly fascinating work. Its meaning is to this day elusive, all the more surprisingly because of how structured and rigid its argumentative form appears on the surface. Its central ideas are that the world consists of propositions that are true or false, that logical apparatuses of the world appear only as things that are revealed and not able to be described or named, and that because of this practically the whole enterprise of metaphysics is one that only results in nonsense. The book's final sections, however, are deeply enigmatic and seem to undermine the idea of philosophy, even the Tractatus itself, ultimately revealing new truths or even needing to in the first place.

Preface 0:00
1 The world is all that is the case. 2:50
2 What is the case—a fact—is the existence of states of affairs. 3:27
3 A logical picture of facts is a thought. 14:34
4 A thought is a proposition with a sense. 32:48
5 A proposition is a truth-function of elementary propositions. (An elementary proposition is a truth-function of itself.) 1:09:39
6 The general form of a truth-function is [-p, -ξ, N(-ξ)]. This is the general form of a proposition. 2:00:22
7 What we cannot speak about we must pass over in silence. 2:33:56

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