Diy| Refinishing hardwood floors| wax

Refinishing a hardwood floor is a great way to revitalize the look of a room without the trouble and expense of installing brand-new flooring. The process involves removing the top layer of the covering material using a large sander, which removes the surface finish and digs down past any surface scratches, stains, or imperfections that might exist. The result is a fresh surface that is then stained and top-coated with whatever protective coating you prefer.

But be aware that sanding cannot be expected to remove very deep scratches, gouges, and stains. Even professionals advise homeowners to lower their expectations on what floor sanding can accomplish. Floor sanding removes at most about 1/16 inch of wood, and damage that is deeper than that usually will still be evident, though less obvious.

Before You Begin
Aggressive sanding and refinishing are best suited for solid hardwood floors-flooring comprised of solid maple, oak, or another hardwood throughout the thickness of the planks. Hardwood floors with 3/4-inch -thick planks can accept three or sometimes even four deep sandings over their lifespan.

But many floors are not solid hardwood, but instead, consist of planks with a hardwood veneer layer glued over a core of plywood or another manufactured wood product. These products are often known as engineered wood. With these floors, you may be able to do only one sanding, and you need to be careful not to grind through the finish layer of hardwood and into the core layer.

ome floors that look like hardwood aren't wood at all. If you have laminate wood-look floors, sanding is not an option. However, bamboo floors (bamboo is technically a grass, not a wood) can be sanded in the same way as hardwood to remove surface imperfections. But bamboo floors are often very hard, so sanding may take a little more time.

While it is theoretically possible to sand floors with a hand sander, it is almost always done with a large upright drum sander-an expensive tool that is normally rented, not purchased. This tool is not easy to use, so make sure to get instructions from the store clerk on how to use it effectively and safely.

Safety Considerations
Large upright sanders make a lot of noise and throw up a lot of dust. Make sure to wear a protective mask, eye protection, and hearing protectors when using this tool. Where possible, open windows and ventilate with fans during the procedure. Mask off vent duct openings and passage doorways to prevent dust from traveling throughout your house.

Upright floor sanders are powerful tools. If used incorrectly, it is easy to create deep gouges or dips that ruin the floor's appearance. Take your time when sanding, making sure to use sanding belts or pads with the proper abrasive grit. Avoid tilting or rocking the sander, as this is guaranteed to gouge the floor.

What You'll Need
Equipment / Tools
Pry bar
Hammer
Eye, hearing, and breathing protection
Upright drum sander
Edge sander
Paint scraper
Under-radiator sander (optional)
Shop vacuum
Broom
Paint brush and roller
Brad nailer
Materials
Plastic sheeting
Painter's tape
Clean cloths
40- or 60-grit sanding belts for upright sander
40- or 60-grit sanding pads for edge sander
Wood putty
Fine-grit sandpaper
Tack cloths
Wood stain (optional)
Topcoat finish (sealer, polyurethane, or varnish)
Instructions
Remove Trim Moldings
Floor sanding will be easiest and give the best results if you remove the base shoe moldings, or even the entire baseboards, before beginning work. This will allow the edge sander to get very close to the walls.

Take care when prying off the moldings to avoid cracking them. Some homeowners use this opportunity to install new moldings, which will give the refinished floor an even better appearance.

Cover Ducts and Doorways
Use plastic sheeting, secured with painter's tape, to cover doorways and vent ducts. This will prevent sanding dust from traveling throughout your home.

Clean the Floor
Completely clean the surface of the floor. It should be swept or vacuumed to thoroughly remove any dust or debris that may be present. A slightly damp mopping, preferably by hand with a cloth rag, may also be useful to get rid of loose particles.

Make Any Necessary Repairs
Examine the floor for protruding nails and pound them down using a hammer and nail set. Protruding nails will quickly ruin sanding belts or pads when you begin sanding.

Damaged or missing flooring boards should be replaced or repaired before you begin sanding.
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